I’m not quite sure what you mean by showing latest posts as single items.
Did you try with regular homepage layout (without homepage panes)?
You can specify number of posts shown on homepage in Dashboard / Settings / Reading / “Blog pages shows…”
Tittle issue?
You have this in your child theme style css or custom css:
.post-title, .post-title a, .post-title a:visited {
display:none;
}
Remove it to get titles shown.